The murder of blacks killed by blacks matter far more than police killing unarmed blacks.
About eight thousand blacks are killed in a homicide every year.[1] The killer is black in 93% of the cases. [2] The police kill fewer than 40 unarmed blacks every year. [3]
Which is a crisis? Blacks killing 7,400 blacks or police killing 40 unarmed blacks?
Big Media, over the past five years, has said the 40 deaths are the crisis. The alternative fact is the obvious priority. Eight-thousand black homicides are the crisis. Police shooting unarmed blacks is one-half-of-one-percent of the crisis. In a world of perfect policing, after eliminating all police shootings of unarmed blacks, half-a-percent of the problem would go away. Leaving 99.5% of the problem still to solve.
If the life of blacks is what you are trying to save, if black lives matter, blacks killing blacks is about 215 times bigger and more important than cops shooting unarmed blacks.
Heather MacDonald, the expert on black violence, summarized the case: “More blacks die each year from homicide … than homicide victims of all other races combined. Their killers are not the police, and not whites, but other blacks.” [4]
***
Are there other reasons fatal police shootings of unarmed blacks do not merit the media attention they receive? There are a lot of statistics to review. They do not suggest fatal police shootings of unarmed blacks is a serious issue. The true serious issue is the high crime rate of black males.
Blacks are 53% of homicide offenders [5] and 23% of the victims [6] of police shootings. Blacks commit homicide at eight times the rate of whites: Blacks at 34.4 per 100,000 versus 4.5 per 100,000 for whites.[7]
Young black males (14-17) commit murder at 10 times the rate of other males in their age group.[8] Young black males are 27 times more likely to kill compared to the average American.[9] “Black men are 14 times more likely than white men to die by firearm homicide.” [10]
The numbers get worse from there.
Blacks are 23% of the population in New York City and 75% of the shooters. Whites are 34% of the population and 2% of the shooters. Three of four shooters are black in New York City. One in 50 shooters is white.[11]
In Chicago, blacks are 33% of the population and 80% of the murder suspects. Whites are 33% of the population and 1% of the murder suspects. Four of five murder suspects are black. One of 100 is white.[12]
***
Police kill about one thousand people every year in the United States according to an exhaustive ongoing study by the Washington Post. Five to ten percent of persons shot and killed by police are unarmed. When 94 unarmed persons were fatally shot by police in 2015, the worst year in the four years of Washington Post data, 36 were black.[13]
“Although black men make up only 6 percent of the U.S. population, they account for 40 percent of the unarmed men shot to death by police this year (2015), The Post’s database shows. In the majority of cases in which police shot and killed a person who had attacked someone with a weapon or brandished a gun, the person who was shot was white. But a hugely disproportionate number — 3 in 5 — of those killed after exhibiting less threatening behavior were black or Hispanic.”[14]
Proportion is in the eye of the beholder. The Washington Post analyzes proportion by comparing a black male population equal to six percent of the total population when they are 40% of the fatal victims of unarmed police shootings. The Post finds it significant that police fatally shoot unarmed black men at about seven times the rate of their incidence in the population.
“A year after Michael Brown’s fatal shooting, unarmed black men are seven times more likely than whites to die by police gunfire,” The Post reported in “Black and Unarmed”.[15] “The disproportionate number of unarmed black men in the body count helps explain why outrage continues to simmer a year after Ferguson — and why shootings that might have been ignored in the past are now coming under fresh public and legal scrutiny.”
The comparison is fraudulent.
The proportion which is relevant is the proportion of violent crime committed by blacks and the proportion of fatal police shootings of blacks. Cops are in the business of apprehending law breakers. They do not have fatal encounters with the law abiding.
Consider who kills cops. Forty percent of cop killers are black males when they are six percent of the population. [16] This “hugely disproportionate” rate of black males killing cops does not start riots or inspire a reporter to write a story. The fatal shootings of unarmed black males, 40% of the total killed by police, is identical to the number of black cop killers — 40% of the total.
One of these facts is a huge news hook and an article of faith for a protest movement. The other, of equal importance in judging police violence, is unknown.
***
Cops are assaulted with a deadly weapon 10 times for every one time they kill an offender. [17] They are under enormous pressure when a call turns violent.
The police shoot people for a wide-range of reasons. In three-of-four shootings the offender has fired at the police officer, threatened to use a gun, or attacked a person. “In 74 percent of all fatal police shootings, the individuals had already fired shots, brandished a gun or attacked a person with a weapon or their bare hands. … These 595 cases (in 2015) include fatal (police) shootings that followed a wide range of violent crimes, including shootouts, stabbings, hostage situations, carjackings and assaults,” the Washington Post reports. [18] “Another 16 percent of the shootings came after incidents that did not involve firearms or active attacks but featured other potentially dangerous threats. These shootings were most commonly of individuals who brandished knives and refused to drop them.”
There may be bad police shootings in the 9 of 10 fatal shootings described immediately above, in which the offender typically had a weapon, but if there are bad shootings, they do not reasonably derive from racism. Comprehending police shootings starts with thinking about what a cop walks into: a shootout, a stabbing, a hostage situation, a carjacking, an assault. Or a random mental-health crisis.
“The research also noted whether victims were mentally ill or experiencing an emotional crisis, a category that came to account for one-quarter of those killed.” [19]
***
Race does not explain bad police shootings. Terror explains it.
Cops are called into the craziest most dangerous situations which humans encounter. When they get those calls they are called into minority neighborhoods. “(W)hen officers are called to the scene of a drive-by shooting or an armed robbery, they will overwhelmingly be summoned to minority neighborhoods, looking for minority suspects in the aid of minority victims.” [20]
Only four percent of blacks who die in a homicide die due to police violence. Twelve percent of whites and Hispanics who die of homicide are killed by the police. [21] It suggests police, when confronting dangerous persons, the kind who die in homicides, are more likely to shoot whites.
The percentage of blacks and whites killed by police in a confrontation is strikingly similar. Seventy-one percent of blacks killed by police were attacking police officers or others. Eighty percent of whites are killed under the same circumstances. [22] Three important studies confirm that blacks are not victims of racist policing.
Maryland’s Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation “found that race does not affect a civilian’s risk of injury or death following an arrest or a police stop; blacks and whites face an equal chance of getting injured or killed by a police officer.” [23]
A study in Criminology and Public Policy “found that officers were three times less likely to shoot unarmed black suspects than unarmed white suspects and took significantly longer to decide to shoot armed black suspects than armed white suspects.” [24]
Harvard economist Roland Fryer, analyzing officer shootings in Dallas, Austin, Houston, Los Angeles and six Florida counties, “found that officers were 47 percent less likely to discharge their weapon without first being attacked if the suspect was black than if the suspect was white, and that black and white victims of police shootings were equally likely to have been armed. Overall, Fryer found no evidence of racial discrimination in shootings.” [25]
***
About five officers are indicted annually in fatal shootings. The conviction rate suggests the tiny number of bad shootings. “Only 11 of the 65 officers charged in fatal shootings over the past decade were convicted.” [26] A bad shooting leads to the conviction of one cop a year across the entire country. The racist-violent-cop-shooting-an-unarmed-black-man is either a member of a very effective group of conspirators or it’s a tiny group.
The police almost never use their weapons. The extreme fear they would naturally experience in a shooting scenario, and the inability of a police officer to attain the thousands of hours of training which would lead to true expertise in violent encounters — these are likely the primary causes of fatal shooting errors.
New York cops fired their weapon only 40 times in 80,000 calls that were weapons related. [27] Minneapolis police killed three men in three years in 1.5 million calls for help. One fatal shooting was questioned.
“In those three years, they have shot and killed three men — a mentally disturbed Hispanic man who was knifing another man; a black man who was firing at two officers, and Jamar Clark,” according to Katherine Kersten, writing at the Center of the American Experiment. “Black Lives Matter and the Minneapolis NAACP expressed outrage at the Clark shooting. Activists staged a tumultuous weekslong protest at Fourth Precinct headquarters in north Minneapolis. They also shut down a major freeway.” [28]
Black Lives Matter protestors in Minnesota were arguing that police racism perverts our justice system once for every 1.5 million calls. Sounds like a pretty amazing record. It would be, for a newspaper or website, like writing 1.5 million stories and having only one with a serious error.
Civilians are killed once in every 11,000 arrests. [29] Cops made almost 11 million arrests in 2015. They arrested more than 500,000 suspects for violent crimes. [30] They killed about a thousand people including 36 unarmed black men in 50 million encounters with the public in 2015. [31] The cops are doing their job and they are doing it well. The reporters covering the story are fabricating a dangerous lie.
***
Big Media created the crisis of racist-cops-killing-unarmed-blacks. Michael Brown’s death provided the jumping off point. His death used “the lie that a pacific Michael Brown was gunned down in cold blood by Ferguson, Mo., police officer Darren Wilson in August 2014.” [32]
After Michael Brown’s death, cops backed off aggressive policing. If police have a violent encounter with a black, the cop risks his own life, his finances, his job, and his freedom. Given what he can lose, a cop has an overwhelming incentive to avoid confronting a violent black male. The poor in dangerous neighborhoods are hurt most when cops avoid danger.
“The victims of this politically driven de-policing, what I have called the ‘Ferguson effect,’ are overwhelmingly black,” [33] wrote Heather MacDonald, the expert on black crime.
The methodology of the media fraud is simple. Their analysis hides the important facts — that 8,000 blacks die every year in a homicide, but less than 40 unarmed blacks are killed by the police (36 in 2015, 19 in 2016, 21 in 2017, 18 in 2018 – all according to The Post).
Their analysis hides that blacks commit 93% of black homicides; and that blacks commit 52% of all homicides. Their analysis headlines the irrelevant facts — that black males are 6% of the population but 40% of the unarmed persons killed by police.
Three examples demonstrate the catastrophic innumeracy of Big Media creating the dangerous-racist-cop fiction. In headlines and story summaries listed below, they falsely focus on the black population size and cover up the disproportionate crime rate of black offenders:
- “Final total of people killed by US police officers in 2015 shows rate of death for young black men was five times higher than white men of the same age.” Jon Swaine, Oliver Laughland, Jamiles Lartey and Ciara McCarthy writing in The Guardian under the headline: Young black men killed by US police at highest rate in year of 1,134 deaths (12/31/15).
- “Black people accounted for 31 percent of police killing victims in 2012, even though they made up just 13 percent of the US population.” German Lopez, writing in Vox, under the headline: There are huge racial disparities in how US police use force (11/14/18).
- “U.S. police officers have shot and killed the exact same number of unarmed white people as they have unarmed black people: 50 each. But because the white population is approximately five times larger than the black population, that means unarmed black Americans were five times as likely as unarmed white Americans to be shot and killed by a police officer.” Wesley Lowery writing in the Washington Post under the headline: Aren’t more white people than black people killed by police? Yes, but no. (7/11/16)
***
If black males are 6% of the population and police kill blacks in 40% of the unarmed deaths, the ratio sounds frightening. It sounds like proof of prejudice. The real numbers and basic logical analysis tell a very different story.
Blacks commit homicide at eight times the rate of whites and blacks are victims of homicide at six times the rate of whites. [34] Aggressive proportionate policing would require that police pursue, arrest, and kill blacks at eight times the rate of their incidence in the population.
If 53% of murder offenders are black, and blacks are 36% of unarmed police shootings, the 2015-2018 average in the Washington Post study, then the cops are under-policing black criminals.
***
Black Lives Matter (BLM) played the role of useful idiot to carry out the gross math error promoted by Big Media. BLM is used like a billboard. The media take a picture of the billboard, and report the actual words used in the billboard message, but they make no effort to verify the truth of the claims.
The Black Lives Matter message, transcribed from their website, says:
“Black Lives Matter is an ideological and political intervention in a world where Black lives are systematically and intentionally targeted for demise. … In 2014, Mike Brown was murdered by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson. … (Black Lives Matter) was a guttural response to be with our people, our family—in support of the brave and courageous community of Ferguson and St. Louis as they were being brutalized by law enforcement, criticized by media, tear gassed, and pepper sprayed night after night. …
“We understood Ferguson was not an aberration, but in fact, a clear point of reference for what was happening to Black communities everywhere. … It became clear that we needed to continue organizing and building Black power across the country. People were hungry to galvanize their communities to end state-sanctioned violence against Black people” [35]
The media prints the Black Lives Matter fiction. Reporters are relieved of examining basic facts and doing basic math. The position of Black Lives Matter, however false, is transcribed, presented without judgment, and idolized.
***
The fictitious narrative has a very real world influence. Almost two years after the shooting of Michael Brown, police killed two black men in separate incidents on July 5th and 6th 2016. President Obama was flying to Europe on the 6th as he prepared to comment on the shootings. The New York Times said he “told his aides to collect statistics demonstrating racial bias in the criminal justice system. The carefully balanced statement he gave condemned those biases but acknowledged the dangers faced by the police.” [36]
What follows, a detailed quote of the president’s analysis of the crime statistics, comes from his July 7th, 2016 news conference at the Warsaw Marriott just after midnight:
“But what I can say is that all of us as Americans should be troubled by these shootings, because these are not isolated incidents. They’re symptomatic of a broader set of racial disparities that exist in our criminal justice system. And I just want to give people a few statistics to try to put in context why emotions are so raw around these issues.
“According to various studies — not just one, but a wide range of studies that have been carried out over a number of years — African Americans are 30 percent more likely than whites to be pulled over. After being pulled over, African Americans and Hispanics are three times more likely to be searched. Last year, African Americans were shot by police at more than twice the rate of whites. African Americans are arrested at twice the rate of whites. African American defendants are 75 percent more likely to be charged with offenses carrying mandatory minimums. They receive sentences that are almost 10 percent longer than comparable whites arrested for the same crime.
“So that if you add it all up, the African American and Hispanic population, who make up only 30 percent of the general population, make up more than half of the incarcerated population.
“Now, these are facts. And when incidents like this occur, there’s a big chunk of our fellow citizenry that feels as if because of the color of their skin, they are not being treated the same. And that hurts. And that should trouble all of us. This is not just a black issue. It’s not just a Hispanic issue. This is an American issue that we should all care about. All fair-minded people should be concerned.” [37]
The president said blacks are arrested and shot in numbers larger than their percentage of the population. A “broader set of racial disparities” must be corrected. He is using the same numeric fiction employed by the Washington Post and Black Lives Matter. Fiction presented as fact had a real impact.
Later that day, Micah Xavier Johnson assassinated five Dallas police officers.
***
Had President Obama followed the evidence, not the evidence he requested, but the evidence that describes reality, he would have led the black community away from revenge.
He would have told them that the police do not shoot a person because of his race. He could have led blacks to look at the true causes of black homicide. President Obama could have led blacks in the right direction, but his malignant instincts took him toward another agenda.
Those listening to President Obama’s fiction likely included Micah Xavier Johnson, who began his assassinations about 26 hours after the president spoke in Warsaw.
The president may believe his facts are damning to police, but we have seen the evidence. The president asked his aides for proof of a “narrative,” and he received what he requested.
Had he spoken to The Post, he could have made his facts more damning, and much more misleading. He should have asked what an admirable honest leader would ask: Does racism explain police shootings?
A reiteration of the key data refutes the president, the Washington Post, and Black Lives Matter.
Blacks are 53% of homicide offenders [38] but 23% of fatal police shooting victims. [39] Blacks were 38% of unarmed police shooting fatalities in 2015, which The Washington Post called “a hugely disproportionate number”, powering the indignation of reporters and activists, but those 38% of unarmed-black fatalities are far lower than the 53% of homicides that are black-offender homicides. They are not disproportionate when blacks kill at eight times the rate of whites.
They are not disproportionate when young black males are ten times more likely to commit homicide compared to other males their age. When blacks are three of four shooters in New York City. When blacks are four of five murder suspects in Chicago. When blacks are 40% of cop killers.
They are not disproportionate according to the recent important studies saying “race does not affect a civilian’s risk of injury or death following an arrest or a police stop” [40] ; “that officers were three times less likely to shoot unarmed black suspects than unarmed white suspects” [41] ; “that officers were 47 percent less likely to discharge their weapon … if the suspect was black … and that black and white victims of police shootings were equally likely to have been armed.” [42]
***
The important big picture on black homicide provides the fact which overrides all other analysis: Cops kill less than 40 unarmed blacks in a year, some large number of which are justified by a circumstance which outweighs the fact that the black man was unarmed; but blacks kill about 7,400 blacks every year. Black-on-black violence is 215 times greater than the cop-on-unarmed-black violence.
If media reports balanced their reporting equally between black-on-black homicide and police shootings of unarmed blacks, based upon the incidence of death, then for every story on unarmed fatal shootings of blacks by police, we would see 215 stories for black-on-black fatal shootings.
A search on The New York Times for “Black Lives Matter”, the group formed to protest racist cops shooting unarmed blacks, returned 1573 results. A search for “black-on-black” and “crime”, starting in August 2014, when Darren Wilson shot Michael Brown, returns no results. Prior to the shooting, The Times had written 162 stories which contain “black-on-black” and “crime”.
Balanced reporting, based on the cause of black deaths, should have returned 338,045 stories on black-on-black homicide for the period from August 2014 forward. Three-hundred-and-forty-thousand stories on black-on-black crime in the New York Times would reach a wide audience and make a major impact. When zero stories are written, the audience is blindfolded and kidnapped and locked inside a cave. They live in the dark.
Media bias leads to media fraud. Printing zero stories when fairness calls for over 300,000 stories is a disparity that cannot be excused as understandable bias. It’s fraud and a lie. A very big lie.
***
What follows from the fraud against cops are assassinations of cops.
“On December 20, 2014, Ismaaiyl Abdullah Brinsley killed two on-duty New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, ostensibly as revenge for the death of Eric Garner and the shooting of Michael Brown, both of which were killings of unarmed black men by police.” [43]
Micah Xavier Johnson, the Dallas assassin who killed five cops and injured 9 others, who murdered a few short hours after President Obama’s statement on police racism, “was reportedly angry over police shootings of black men and stated that he wanted to kill white people, especially white police officers.” Dallas Police Chief David Brown said that “Johnson had told police negotiators that he was upset about Black Lives Matter.” [44]
Ten days after the Dallas assassinations, Gavin Eugene Long shot six police officers in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. “Three died and three were hospitalized, one critically.” “Long described his belief that the shooting was necessary to ‘create substantial change within America’s police force.’” He wrote that he had “to attack ‘bad cops’ as vengeance for perceived destruction that they continued to inflict on blacks.” Long called the earlier assassinations in Dallas “an act of ‘justice’.” [45] The words and mindset of the assassin are indistinguishable from the words and mindset of Black Lives Matter.
***
The dishonesty of the president, Big Media, and Black Lives Matter, an evil trinity of community organizers, worked perfectly together. Destruction is easy to give to the world. “Direct action”, preferably violence and death, captivates the left-wing progressive Democratic Party. It is their divine rapture. It inspires devotion.
The scapegoating of the police fortifies the ideology of political correctness, a totem of cultural Marxism, which requires that no judgment be made of blacks because some are slave descendants. Nothing can be said against gangs, rap, fatherlessness, drug use, crude speech, bad manners, undignified dress, sexual promiscuity, terrible academic performance, and feral habits. To be fair, this criticism can be made of all races and all classes in America today.
In the case of poor black communities, the lack of high standards has had a profoundly corrupting influence. We are told by politically correct virtue-ists that we must tolerate and respect our differences in a multicultural society. Who are we to judge when blacks murder blacks?
If personal responsibility cannot be encouraged, public policy failure must also be hidden and suppressed or the politically-correct party would be voted out of power and run out of town. Blacks in urban centers live in horrible conditions in cities run for decades by the Democratic Party. Cops are perfect distractions when you are the party of failed public schools, depressed urban economies, broken families separated by welfare checks, and bankrupt cities desperately searching for money to fund union pensions.
The progressives, in Big Media and political office, hide their failure by attacking the one government service, policing, which is done well in poor neighborhoods.
***
The lie is repeated and enters the blood stream via Hollywood. Pharrell Williams and Beyoncé saluted Michael Brown in their February 2015 Grammy performance. The dancers performing with the singers held up their hands in the gesture of surrender.
Entertainment Tonight called it a “strikingly different performance” and a “reference to the “Hands Up, Don’t Shoot” protest gesture.” [46]
The message of their performance: Blacks are shot when they are innocent. A young black can hold up his hands to surrender, and the police will kill him.
The real life Michael Brown died a very different death. Michael Brown fought with the police officer who killed him. Michael Brown tried to take Darren Wilson’s gun. Nobody calls taking a gun from a police officer raising up your hands to surrender.
“Brown reached into the (officer’s vehicle) through the open driver’s window and punched and grabbed Wilson,” according to the March 2015 Department of Justice report clearing Darren Wilson. [47] “Brown then grabbed the weapon and struggled with Wilson to gain control of it.” “Brown used his right hand to grab and attempt to control Wilson’s gun.” Wilson fired the gun, hitting Brown’s hand. They were separated briefly. Brown ran to escape. Wilson excited his vehicle. Brown turned and charged the officer. Wilson killed him.
This kind of encounter with a police officer is insane, thank God, to all of us. No reasonable person starts a fight with a police officer. You don’t reach into a cop car and grab an officer’s gun. If you run away to escape, and you have been shot in the hand, go ahead and escape. Don’t turn around and charge a police officer who has a gun. Michael Brown was mentally unwell, possibly by the influence of drugs, or he was after suicide by cop. He was not innocent. He did not surrender.
Jonathan Capehart, a Washington Post columnist, reviewed the justice department report and posted under the headline: “‘Hands up, don’t shoot’ was built on a lie”. [48] He wrote: “Brown never surrendered with his hands up, and Wilson was justified in shooting Brown.” Capehart still believes in Black Lives Matter and “it is imperative we continue marching for and giving voice to those killed in racially charged incidents at the hands of police and others.”
Capehart was courageous to admit his error, but he is still misguided by the influence of bad math and dishonest reporting.
If a columnist for the Washington Post can be deceived, imagine how much harder it is to get a true picture for the young blacks watching the Grammy awards. Pharrell Williams and Beyoncé taught them that they are not responsible for success or failure. Since success is a very hard thing for anybody to attain, and especially hard for the poor, the lesson that their innocent actions will lead to early death is a perfect poison.
President Obama, the leaders of Black Lives Matter, and the leaders in Big Media, their priority lies in some other goal. The success of blacks and the reform of black culture are not their concern. They use division and dishonesty to elevate themselves.
The president won ill-gotten support from corrupted followers, leading blacks away from truth, as he has done for his entire political life. President Obama multiplied black anger and strengthened his power. Black Lives Matter won glory. Big Media sold a fraud, based on dishonest math, to build a Big Lie. They elevated and glorified a deranged protest group. All of them, working together, created riots, assassinations, hatred of the police, unearned power, and racial division. They won a huge propaganda victory and set us against each other.
Their malevolent dream shines down brightly on all of us. If you look closely you see they are all covered in blood. Cop assassinations are their obvious crimes. The black-on-black murders, the real crisis in the black community, you will never see or know.
To the powerful, to President Obama and the reporters and editors at the Washington Post, the cover up of progressive’ failures, too many to count, is the high priority. The factual record of black violence reveals the inner thoughts of the Democratic Party’s power brokers. They truly believe, proven by their words and actions, that black lives don’t matter.
THE END
[1] Based on FBI: Uniform Crime Reporting. 2015. Total homicides: 15,696. Murder victim rate for blacks: 53% of the total. The author’s estimate of total black homicides: 8,319 (15,696 times 53% is 8,319). Rounded down to 8,000 for this post. The FBI lists a lower number for total 2015 black homicides in a supplemental report but the lower number derives not from its best estimate of the total, but is based on reporting the data of homicides for which it receives a report on race. https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/murder The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists total homicides as 17,793 in 2015. The National Vital Statistics Report. Volume 66, Number 6 (“Deaths: Final Data for 2015”) report lists 9,038 black homicides for 2015. See page 39. The author uses 8,000 as a low estimate of black homicides in 2015 and 93% of that total, 7,440, rounded down to 7,400, as the estimate of blacks killed by blacks. An earlier version of the post listed 7,700 blacks killed by blacks, which is 93% of 8,319.
[2] The Police and Public Discourse on “Black-on-Black” Violence. Anthony A. Braga and Rod K. Brunson. New Perspectives in Policing. Harvard Kennedy School and National Institute of Justice. May 2015. Page 4. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/248588.pdf
[3] Police are still killing black people. Why isn’t it news anymore? Wesley Lowery, Washington Post. March 16, 2018. Total of unarmed blacks killed by police in last four years according to the Washington Post investigation: 2015: 36, 2016: 19, 2017: 21: 2018: 18.
[4] Black Lies Matter, Washington Examiner, Heather MacDonald, September 3, 2016. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/black-lies-matter
[5] FBI: Uniform Crime Reporting. 2015.
[6] Four years in a row, police nationwide fatally shoot nearly 1,000 people, By John Sullivan, Liz Weber, Julie Tate and Jennifer Jenkins, Washington Post, February 12 2019. https://outline.com/Y7pFe4
[7] Bureau of Justice Statistics. Homicide Trends in the United States. 1980-2008. November 2011. https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/htus8008.pdf
[8] “Cops Are Racist” Story Line Ignores a Great Many Facts, Katherine Kersten, Center of the American Experiment, August 7, 2016. https://www.americanexperiment.org/article/cops-racist-story-line-ignores-great-many-facts/
[9] The President’s Prejudices. Steve Sailer. Takis Magazine. July 13, 2016. https://www.takimag.com/article/the_presidents_prejudices_steve_sailer/
[10] Comparison of Rates of Firearm and Nonfirearm Homicide and Suicide in Black and White Non-Hispanic Men, by U.S. State, By Corinne A. Riddell, PhD; Sam Harper, PhD; Magdalena Cerdá, PhD; Jay S. Kaufman, PhD, Annals of Internal Medicine, May 15, 2018. https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2679556/comparison-rates-firearm-nonfirearm-homicide-suicide-black-white-non-hispanic
[11] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[12] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[13] Four years in a row, police nationwide fatally shoot nearly 1,000 people, By John Sullivan, Liz Weber, Julie Tate and Jennifer Jenkins, Washington Post, February 12, 2019.
[14] 2015 Police Shootings Investigation, Washington Post, Dec. 26, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/investigative/2015/12/26/a-year-of-reckoning-police-fatally-shoot-nearly-1000/?utm_term=.7a28aa19bb01
[15] Black and Unarmed, Washington Post, August 8, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2015/08/08/black-and-unarmed/?utm_term=.fa94e4e55f94
[16] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3rd, 2016.
[17] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3rd, 2016.
[18] Police Shootings Investigation, Washington Post, December 26, 2015.
[19] Police Shootings Investigation, Washington Post, December 26 2015.
[20] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[21] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[22] Are Blacks Disproportionately Involved In Police Shootings? John Hinderaker, Powerline, July 9, 2016.
[23] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[24] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[25] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[26] 2015 Police Shootings Investigation, Washington Post, Dec. 26 2015.
[27] “Cops Are Racist” Story Line Ignores a Great Many Facts, Katherine Kersten, Center of the American Experiment, August 7, 2016.
[28] “Cops Are Racist” Story Line Ignores a Great Many Facts, Katherine Kersten, Center of the American Experiment, August 7, 2016.
[29] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[30] FBI: Uniform Crime Reporting. 2015.
[31] Four years in a row, police nationwide fatally shoot nearly 1,000 people, By John Sullivan, Liz Weber, Julie Tate and Jennifer Jenkins, Washington Post, February 12 2019
[32] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[33] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[34] Bureau of Justice Statistics. Homicide Trends in the United States. 1980-2008. November 2011
[35] Black Lives Matter website. About. https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/herstory/
[36] Obama’s Delicate Balance on Issue of Race and Policing. By Mark Landler and Michael D. Shear, New York Times, July 8, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/09/us/politics/obama-balance-race-police-dallas-shooting.html
[37] Statement by the President. The White House. Office of the Press Secretary. July 7, 2016. 12:42 A.M. CEST. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/07/statement-president
[38] FBI: Uniform Crime Reporting. 2015.
[39] Four years in a row, police nationwide fatally shoot nearly 1,000 people, By John Sullivan, Liz Weber, Julie Tate and Jennifer Jenkins, Washington Post, February 12, 2019.
[40] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[41] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[42] Black Lies Matter, Heather MacDonald, Washington Examiner, September 3, 2016.
[43] 2014 killings of NYPD officers, Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_killings_of_NYPD_officers
[44] 2016 Shooting of Dallas Police Officers, Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers
[45] 2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers, Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Baton_Rouge_police_officers
[46] GRAMMYs Performers Get Serious: Address ‘Hands Up, Don’t Shoot’ Protests and Domestic Violence, Zach Seemayer, Entertainment Tonight, February 9, 2015. https://www.etonline.com/awards/grammys/159431_grammys_2015_get_serious_take_on_black_lives_matter_and_domestic_violence
[47] DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REPORT REGARDING THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE SHOOTING DEATH OF MICHAEL BROWN BY FERGUSON, MISSOURI POLICE OFFICER DARREN WILSON , March 4, 2015. https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/doj_report_on_shooting_of_michael_brown_1.pdf
[48] ‘Hands up, don’t shoot’ was built on a lie. Jonathan Capehart, Washington Post, March 16, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2015/03/16/lesson-learned-from-the-shooting-of-michael-brown/?utm_term=.7dc7262cc6f6
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